T. A. Shanmugasundaram ¹, Alamelu Nachiappan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of E.T.C.E., Sathyabama University, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of E.E.E., Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, IN

Abstract

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), a key technique to improve the network lifetime is clustering. Clustering approach divides sensors into multiple clusters consisting one cluster head and cluster members. An energy-efficient clustering protocol is a major concern for reporting sensory data to the sink node. The main issue in clustering protocol is to select appropriate nodes to act as cluster heads and gateways for routing. The existing works consider a single factor in the cluster head selection and routing approach. However, considering only a single metric fails to expose the influence of other factors. This paper proposes a CLUstering protocol for an Energy-HOle Preventive Environment (CLUE-HOPE) called CLUE-HOPE. The CLUE-HOPE divides the network into virtual grids in a distributed manner. In order to reduce the irregularity in cluster head placements, CLUE-HOPE allows the cluster to adjust its size by handling the sensors from and to the neighbor grids. Moreover, it spins the role of cluster head among the cluster members in a distributed manner, and thus it achieves evenly distributed energy load among sensors. A Greedy based Cluster-Head Coordinated Routing (GCCR) is proposed which connects multiple clusters via gateways in a greedy manner and forwards the sensor data to the sink node. The Bit Error Rate (BER) in a received signal of a sensor is directly proportional to the transmission distance. Even though, BER increases in GCCR due to high traffic in the network layer, CLUE-HOPE employs SMAC and, RS and DSSS coded with a non-coherent M-FSK scheme at the lower layers to improve routing performance. Finally, the simulation results reveal that the proposed CLUE-HOPE appreciably improves the clustering performance.

Keywords

Bit Error Rate, Clustering, Wireless Sensor Networks.

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G. Prem Sunder ¹, B. Shanthi ², Alamelu Nachiappan ³, S.P. Natarajan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mailam Engineering College, Mailam, Tindivanam − 604304, Villupuram, IN
2 Centralized Instrumentation and Service Laboratory, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar − 608 002, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry − 605 014, IN
4 Department of Instrumentation Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar −608001, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Quasi-Z-source based multilevel inverters have attracted much interest in recent research works due to its valuable merits when evaluated with conventional voltage source inverters and Z-source Inverters. The objectives of this research work is to provide lower power rating of power devices, continuous input current, higher boosted output voltage and reduced current stress for dc source. Methods/Statistical analysis: A new quasi-Z-source Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter with voltage-lift cell (VL-qZS-CHB-MLI) is analysed in this research paper. The performance of the VL-qZS-CHB-MLI is verified through simulation results obtained using multicarrier PD-PWM technique with simple boost control strategy. Shoot-through states are introduced in generated pulses by utilizing the simple boost control technique. Extended boost operation of the proposed topology is provided by the shoot-through states. Findings: In this new proposed topology, the presence of voltage-lift cell significantly strengthens the boost capability for the equal shoot-through duty ratio as in traditional qZS-CHB-MLI. The proposed topology involves lower shoot-through duty ratio as in the qZS-CHB-MLI for achieving the same boost gain. This advantage of the proposed topology makes possible the larger improvement in the output voltage. Application/Improvements: The proposed topology can be popularly utilized for high-power applications requiring good quality boosted output and low voltage stress. Also, the proposed topology offered abundant merits over traditional Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter in distributed power generation applications like PV power system and wind energy system.

Keywords

Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) Multilevel Inverter, PD-PWM, Quasi-Z-Source, Simple Boost Control, Voltage-Lift Cell.

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P Satheesh Kumar ¹, S.P. Natarajan ², Alamelu Nachiappan ³, B. Shanthi ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mailam Engineering College, Mailam, Tindivanam − 604304, Villupuram,, IN
2 Department of Instrumentation Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar − 608001, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College,Puducherry − 605 014, IN
4 Centralized Instrumentation and Service Laboratory, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar − 608 002,Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: To overcome the restriction of step down operation in Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) and to get extra boosting ability, with same set of switches, a new topology in the family of Z source fed multilevel inverter is developed in this research article. Methods/Statistical analysis: Switched Inductor is used to develop this new topology. By Integrating switched inductor cell instead of normal inductor in Z source and cascaded multilevel inverter this topology is developed. This set up provide high boost factor than the existing Z Source Cascaded H Bridge Multi-Level Inverter (ZS CHB MLI). Findings: Maintaining constant shoot-through state and hence the boost factor is easier as shoot-through state is determined by two straight lines. For high voltage conversion ratio, this topology requires only a little duration of shoot through zero state. This increased voltage conversion ratio helps in improving the quality of the output power. Enlarged voltage adjusting ability, from low ac voltages to higher ac voltages is possible in this topology. Application/ Improvements: It has wide application in ac-dc, dc-ac, ac-ac, dc-dc, power conversion. For the applications that require low ac voltages, this topology supports as it has voltage buck inversion ability. Detailed discussion about this topology is presented.

Keywords

Cascaded Multilevel Inverter, Simple Boost Technique, Switched Inductor (SL), Z Source.

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S. Aruul Vizhiy ¹, R. K. Santhi ², Alamelu Nachiappan ³

Affiliations
1 Department of EEE CK College of Engineering and Technology, Chellankuppam - 607003, Cuddalor, IN
2 Department of Electrical Engineering,Chellankuppam - 607003, Cuddalor, IN
3 Annamalai University, Annamalainagar – 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India Pondicherry Engineering College, Pillaichavadi - 605014, Puducherry, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The focus of this article is to develop a new strategy for solving multi objective reconfiguration problem with a aim of obtaining the global best solution. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The traditional solution methods for reconfiguration may not provide the global best solution. Besides they may not handle non differentiable objective and constraint functions. Recently a Biogeography based Optimization (BBO). A method of meta Heuristic optimization has been outlined for solving optimization problems. This paper develops an effective method using BBO for solving reconfiguration problem with objectives of loss minimization, voltage profile enhancement and voltage stability improvement. Findings: The results of IEEE 33 and 69 node networks indicate that the proposed method is able to provide better solutions than the existing methods. Application/Improvement: The method can be applied in distribution automation systems for online operations. It can be further improved by combining the BBO with Heuristic rules for enhancing the research process.

Keywords

Biogeography based Optimization, Distribution Networks, Reconfiguration

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